The vehicle modes are differentiated between positive and negative torque demand and the engine and motor states. The modes selection depends on the energy management strategy and they are obtained using the dynamic programming optimisation. When coordinating the combined operation of motor and engine, seven options of vehicle modes can be differentiated. This implies a single electric motor and an engine connected mechanically at the power split device. The model previously implemented allows us to simulate a parallel hybrid configuration.
#HYBRID VEHICLES DEFINITION GENERATOR#
When ICE is working alone or in case of regenerative braking, the electric motor can operate as a generator to charge the battery. In case of acceleration or hill climbing, both the power sources are activated to fulfill the desired power demand. Thus, at higher speed, ICE is operated at most efficient point, and hence, higher efficiency and better fuel consumption along with reduced tailpipe emission can be achieved. In this configuration, efforts are made to operate the electric motor alone at lower speed and ICE alone at higher speeds. In parallel HEV, except modes VII, VIII, and IX, all other modes (I–VI) can be used for better utilization of energy sources and reliable operation. The vehicle can be driven with the ICE, the electric motor, or both simultaneously, and therefore, it is possible to feed the desired amount of power at any given period of time. However, the mechanical coupling adds to the complexity in control algorithm for the vehicle. The powers from electric motor and ICE are pooled together with the help of mechanical coupling. In a parallel hybrid configuration, ICE and electric motor are connected in parallel to deliver power to the wheel as shown in Fig.
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